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Read the passage about Cancel Culture and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 10.
Cancel Culture
Cancel culture has become one of the most debated phenomena in today’s digital society. At its core, it refers to the practice of publicly shaming or withdrawing support from individuals or organizations that are perceived to have violated social norms. While public shaming has existed for centuries, the internet has transformed its speed and reach. [I] This immediacy has made cancel culture a powerful tool of accountability, but also a source of controversy regarding fairness, freedom of expression, and the potential for harm.
Historically, social movements such as the abolitionist campaigns or the Civil Rights Movement relied on boycotts and public pressure to demand justice. [II] Cancel culture can be seen as a modern extension of these tactics, amplified by digital technology. Online platforms allow communities to mobilize quickly, using hashtags, petitions, or viral posts to call out perceived misconduct. Influencers and celebrities play a crucial role in shaping these narratives, either intensifying criticism or helping to mitigate its effects. The involvement of high-profile figures often determines whether a cancellation succeeds or fades away, highlighting the complex interplay between public opinion and media influence.
The consequences of cancel culture are wide-ranging. For individuals, the impact can include reputational damage, loss of employment, and even psychological distress. [III] At the same time, public pressure can lead to positive outcomes, such as policy changes or greater awareness of discrimination and injustice. Yet critics warn of negative effects: the chilling of free speech, disproportionate punishment, and the spread of misinformation. Because online judgments are often made quickly and without due process, people may face condemnation for statements taken out of context or exaggerated by viral content. This lack of nuance raises concerns about whether cancel culture truly promotes justice or simply fuels polarization.
Looking ahead, cancel culture is likely to evolve alongside technology and social movements. Artificial intelligence and algorithms may further amplify online criticism, while platforms will continue to struggle with balancing free speech and community safety. The future of cancel culture will depend on how societies adapt—whether they foster media literacy, encourage critical thinking, and design fairer systems of accountability. [IV] Ultimately, cancel culture reflects both the power and the risks of digital communities. It can hold individuals accountable for harmful actions, but it must be tempered with fairness, empathy, and respect for human dignity to avoid becoming destructive.
(Adapted from Understanding Cancel Culture Meaning | literatura.edu.pe)
The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to ____________.
According to paragraph 2, influencers and celebrities mainly ____________.
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 2?
The word “disproportionate” in paragraph 3 mostly means ____________.
According to paragraph 3, one possible positive outcome of cancel culture is ____________.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
Which factor is most likely responsible for the increasing destructiveness of cancel culture in digital communities?
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Where in the passage does the following sentence best fit?
What once took weeks or months to spread through newspapers or word of mouth can now escalate within hours on social media platforms.
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange, letter or text in each of the following questions from 11 to 15.
a. Alex: That’s awesome! I think we’ll make a real difference together.
b. Alex: I’m so excited about the upcoming community clean-up event! Have you signed up yet?
c. Emma: Yes, I signed up last week! It feels good to contribute to our neighborhood.
a. Sarah: Yes, there’s one near my office that offers flexible hours.
b. Mike: That’s a good idea. Staying active is important. Do you have a gym in mind?
c. Sarah: I think I’m going to sign up for a gym membership. I really want to work out more regularly.
d. Sarah: Definitely. That way, I can go either before or after work, depending on my schedule.
e. Mike: Perfect! It’s always great to have a gym in a convenient location, especially when you’re busy.
a. Moreover, many people argue that taxing fast food is not an effective solution, as consumption is influenced not only by sugar, salt and fat content, but also by other factors such as lack of exercise, poor portion control and individual eating habits.
b. A growing number of people today suffer from health problems linked to the overconsumption of cheap, mass-produced food, leading many to argue that fast food should be heavily taxed in order to encourage healthier choices.
c. However, fast food also plays an important role in people’s social lives, as its affordability and convenience make it a popular choice for teenagers to socialise and provide low-income families with small but meaningful pleasures that help maintain their quality of life.
d. Despite these concerns, some believe that taxing fast food could push consumers toward healthier options and encourage producers to improve food quality, although resistance may arise from those who value a wider range of choices.
e. Overall, the impact of raising fast-food taxes remains uncertain, since any potential benefits may be outweighed by the drawbacks, especially if people feel that the tax is unfair or if taxation alone fails to promote a healthier society.
Dear Sir or Madam,
a. I also spend time on my uncle’s farm during the year helping him take care of the animals, which has strengthened my decision to pursue a career working with animals.
b. I am hard-working, punctual and highly committed, and I believe that a placement at your sanctuary will give me invaluable insight into animal care and help me develop essential skills.
c. I am writing to express my interest in the voluntary work placement at your animal sanctuary which was recently advertised on your website.
d. I have gained practical experience with animals through voluntary work at a local dogs’ home, where I took responsibility for feeding, cleaning, and exercising the dogs.
e. I am eighteen years old and currently in my final year at secondary school, and I plan to study veterinary science at university, having already received two conditional offers.
I hope I have shown that I am an ideal candidate for this position and please find attached my CV.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Emily Jones
a. As a result, the phrase is no longer limited to casual online humour but has entered mainstream discussions, including journalism and mental-health debates.
b. Originally coined in the nineteenth century by Henry David Thoreau, the term criticised society’s preference for simplistic ideas over complex intellectual engagement.
c. In the digital era, however, “brain rot” has been revived to describe both the spread of low-quality online content and its perceived harmful effects on cognition.
d. The growing popularity of short-form videos, memes, and repetitive viral trends has intensified concerns about “brain rot” and the long-term consequences of excessive screen consumption.
e. “Brain rot” refers to the supposed deterioration of mental or intellectual ability caused by prolonged exposure to trivial and unchallenging material.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 16 to 20.
Do you have the right mindset?
Think back to a time when you were in a classroom, perhaps confronted with a challenging maths problem. This could have happened recently or many years ago. How did you respond? Some students feel immediately overwhelmed and give up, (16) ____________. Others embrace the challenge, making an effort to tackle it and hoping to gain knowledge even if they do not succeed.
Early in her career, psychologist Carol Dweck at Stanford University (17) ____________, presenting problems slightly beyond their current abilities. One group responded positively, enjoying the challenge and demonstrating confidence in their capacity to develop. Dweck termed this a “growth mindset,” focused on learning and future progress. Another group felt their intelligence was being judged, interpreting failure as a lack of ability. These children exhibited a “fixed mindset,” struggling to envision improvement. Some even considered cheating or comparing themselves with weaker peers to protect their self-esteem. This observation highlights a broader issue in how students are guided and assessed in educational settings.
Dweck emphasizes that traditional praise for talent or intelligence can instill a fear of failure. (18) ____________. She argues that recognition should instead highlight effort, strategies, persistence, and incremental improvement. Such an approach encourages mastery-oriented thinking and motivates learners to continually enhance their skills.
Research confirms these insights. Students who were taught that grappling with difficult material strengthens neural connections advanced faster than their peers. In one study, underperforming children on a Native American reservation practiced growth mindset techniques for a year, (19) ____________. Such evidence clearly demonstrates the practical benefits of adopting a growth mindset.
Returning to the initial question: Do you tend to embrace challenges and make a genuine effort to learn? If so, you already demonstrate a growth mindset. If not, it is never too late. With deliberate effort and effective strategies, (20) ____________.
Read the article about Light Therapy and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 21 to 26.
According to Dr. Paul Desan of Yale University’s Winter Depression Research Clinic, light therapy is the primary treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). This therapy utilizes devices (21) ____________ emit light approximately 20 times (22) ____________ standard indoor lighting, measured at about 10,000 lux.
Research indicates that most patients experiencing dramatic improvements often (23) ____________ medication when exposed to this bright light for 30 minutes every morning. This treatment is effective for both clinical SAD and less-severe winter low moods.
How to Use Light Therapy Effectively:
• Select the Right Device: Choose a lamp specifically designed for SAD that produces 10,000 lux.
• Timing: Use the light shortly after waking up in the morning (24) ____________ this is when the body is most responsive.
• Positioning: Sit at the manufacturer’s recommended distance, allowing light (25) ____________ your eyes indirectly ____________ without staring directly into the lamp.
• Consistency: Maintain a daily routine of 30-minute sessions throughout the winter months.
By following this daily routine, users can effectively (26) ____________ symptoms of depression and low mood during the darker seasons.
Read the following passage about Global Communication Styles and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 27 to 34.
Understanding global communication styles in the workplace is essential in today’s interconnected world. Whether you are part of a multinational corporation or a small organization with a diverse team, being adept at navigating these varied communication styles is crucial for lasting success.
The workplace is a melting pot where different cultures, languages, and backgrounds come together. This diversity enriches our work environment, but it also presents unique challenges, particularly in intercultural communication. Global communication styles in the workplace vary significantly – from the direct and straightforward approach often seen in North American and Western European cultures to the more indirect and holistic styles prevalent in many Asian cultures. Cultures that value directness see it as a sign of honesty and efficiency. In contrast, other cultures might view the same directness as rude or disrespectful.
Similarly, indirect communicators, who often rely on context and non-verbal cues, might find themselves misunderstood in environments where directness is the norm. The key to success here is to strike a balance and develop an understanding of these nuances.
The concept of high-context and low-context cultures is important in understanding global communication styles in the workplace. High-context cultures heavily rely on implicit communication, where much is conveyed through body language, tone of voice, and even silence. Low-context cultures, on the other hand, prefer clear and detailed verbal communication. Recognizing whether your colleagues come from high or low-context backgrounds can greatly enhance your interactions and collaborations.
Encouraging an environment that respects and adapts to various global communication styles in the workplace is likely to increase productiveness. It fosters better collaboration, reduces misunderstandings, and enhances a team’s dynamic. It’s about being flexible, culturally sensitive, and empathetic. By embracing these diverse communication styles, both organizations and individuals can build stronger, more effective teams. As we navigate through the complexities of global communication, let’s remember that it’s not just about overcoming barriers; it’s about building bridges of understanding that can lead to greater success and innovation.
(Adapted from https://www.diversityresources.com/global-communication-styles-in-the-workplace/)
The word “adept” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ____________.
The word “it” in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the paragraph 3 as a way meaning is conveyed in high-context cultures?
The word “implicit” in paragraph 3 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ____________.
Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
In which paragraph does the writer mention a contrast between different communication styles?
In which paragraph does the writer mention creating a supportive environment that adapts to different global communication styles?
Read the leaflet about Cruise: Destination of Your Dreams and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 35 to 40.
Create Your Own Adventure
Are you ready for a/an (35) ____________ trip but find that your friends just don't have the time to join you? Don't wait for others to be ready—make this journey your own and save big with our exclusive "Cruising Solo" program. In the cruise industry, cabins are typically designed for double (36) ____________, which often forces solo travelers to pay nearly the full cabin rate alone. We have changed that to ensure your dream destination is more affordable than ever.
Our company offers a truly (37) ____________ experience, providing the perfect environment to meet fantastic people from every corner of the world. Once on board, you will enjoy world-class entertainment, a relaxing spa, a fitness center, and even a court to play sports. If you are seeking thrills, you can visit our refreshing pools and (38) ____________.
What You Get:
• Access to our full range of luxury pools, spas and gyms.
• Extended shore excursions (39) ____________ for more in-depth exploring.
• (40) ____________ exciting themed parties every night.
• Access to a selection of specialty restaurants serving up authentic local flavors.
Contact us at +0 (123) 456 789 or visit our office at 445 W. Mount Eden Road, Anchorage, AK to book the cruise of your dreams.
